What type of energy does solar power convert for use on spacecraft?

Solar power specifically converts solar energy, which is the energy that comes from sunlight. This process occurs through photovoltaic cells in solar panels, often used on spacecraft. When sunlight hits these solar cells, it generates electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. This electrical energy is then utilized to power various systems and instruments on the spacecraft, making it a crucial resource for sustainable operations in space.

Kinetic energy, thermal energy, and chemical energy do not pertain directly to the conversion process of solar power. Kinetic energy refers to the energy of motion, thermal energy refers to heat energy, and chemical energy involves the energy stored in chemical bonds. In the context of spacecraft, while these energies might be utilized in different systems or technologies, the specific focus of solar power centers around the conversion of solar energy to electricity.