What occurs during a lunar eclipse?

During a lunar eclipse, the Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon, blocking the sunlight that normally reflects off the Moon's surface. This alignment allows the Earth’s shadow to be cast on the Moon, which can result in the Moon appearing a reddish color due to a phenomenon known as Rayleigh scattering. This is why the correct answer highlights the Earth's central role in the process, illustrating how the positioning of these celestial bodies affects the visibility and appearance of the lunar surface during the eclipse.

The choice involving the Moon coming between the Earth and the Sun describes a solar eclipse, not a lunar eclipse. The obscuring of the Sun by the Earth doesn't occur since lunar eclipses involve the Moon being in shadow, rather than the Sun itself being hidden. Additionally, saying the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, while somewhat related, does not capture the entirety of the event as effectively as the configuration of the Earth blocking sunlight to the Moon.