What is the difference between a launch vehicle and a spacecraft?

The distinction between a launch vehicle and a spacecraft is fundamentally based on their functions within space missions. A launch vehicle is designed specifically to transport payloads, including spacecraft, from the Earth's surface into outer space. It provides the necessary thrust to overcome Earth's gravitational pull during the launch phase.

Once in space, the spacecraft takes on the role of performing various missions, such as scientific research, satellite deployment, or crew transport. Spacecraft are equipped with systems to operate in the harsh conditions of space, including life support, power generation, and communication systems.

The other choices do not accurately describe the relationship or differences between the two entities. Reusability pertains to specific designs or models of launch vehicles and spacecraft, but is not a defining characteristic of either category. Size comparisons are variable and depend on specific models; some launch vehicles can be smaller than certain spacecraft. Furthermore, launch vehicles are specifically designed for launch operations and are not restricted to conducting missions solely on Earth.