Explain what a space probe is.

A space probe is defined as an uncrewed spacecraft specifically designed to explore outer space and gather scientific data. Its primary purpose is to conduct measurements, capture images, and transmit information back to Earth about the celestial bodies or phenomena it encounters. Unlike crewed spacecraft, which are built to transport humans, space probes operate autonomously or are remotely operated. They play a crucial role in advancing our understanding of planetary systems, asteroids, comets, and other cosmic elements, making significant contributions to planetary science, astrophysics, and our knowledge of the universe.

The distinction between a space probe and other spacecraft types lies in its uncrewed nature and focused mission on exploration rather than providing transportation or communication capabilities. For instance, crewed spacecraft (the first option) are designed to take astronauts into space, while satellites (the third option) typically have fixed orbits around Earth, serving functions such as communication, weather monitoring, or earth observation. The fourth option, being a type of terrestrial satellite, does not encompass the broader exploratory role that space probes fulfill beyond Earth's atmosphere.